Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975): Free Elections, the Emergency, and How the Basic Structure Doctrine Saved Indian Democracy
Introduction The Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain case is one of the most politically charged constitutional judgments in Indian history. In June 1975, just weeks before the infamous Emergency was…
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I.C. Golaknath v. State of Punjab (1967): The Historic Ruling That Said Parliament Cannot Touch Your Fundamental Rights
Introduction In 1967, the Supreme Court of India stunned the constitutional world by declaring that Parliament cannot amend the fundamental rights of citizens. This was a dramatic reversal of the…
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Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan (1965): Parliament’s Power to Amend the Constitution — What the Supreme Court Ruled
Introduction The Sajjan Singh case of 1965 is a critical link in the chain of constitutional judgments on Parliament’s power to amend fundamental rights. Decided just four years before…
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